Tuesday, June 6, 2017

Like Mars, but with fire and ice..

This is the day where I started to feel we had actually left the planet.  We began our trek heading east towards coastal Vik on Highway 1 aka the Ring Road, an 828 mile road circumventing the island.  We passed turf houses, ancient houses built into rocks, caves and hills to protect from weather conditions and now probably used to keep animals warm in winter, and fields of mama sheep always with 2 frisky lambs underfoot.  Every little cluster of houses seemed to have the same red-roofed, steepled church and small gravesite nearby.






I was surprised at all the green open space which I had not expected because this fertile region is farm and grazing land during the spring and summer...but slowly, as we drove closer to the edges of the massive Vatnojokull Ice Cap (8% of Iceland's land mass), the views on the inland side of the road to our left changed to massive black cliffs and mountains, with numerous waterfalls flowing down.

Along the roadside, the Skogafoss Waterfall is clearly viewable and an easy stop.  It is majestic from the bottom and if you don't mind getting too wet, you can get pretty close.  There are steep steps to climb to a lookout viewing the falls from above.  We read that if you continue your hike beyond, there are an additional 22 waterfalls to enjoy, but we didn't have the time and it was drizzling, so we moved on.  Camping is available literally at the base of this majestic fall, as it was at Seljalandsfoss.


hard to tell how tall this waterfall is...look at the people in the background


We drove towards the small town of Vik to see the Dyrholaey Arches, Reynisfjara black sand beach and to Reynisdrangar basalt columns, all miracles of nature where sub-marine volcanos exploded to form the most unusual lava and rock formations on the beach.  We spent a few hours at these stops and then ate lunch at nearby Sudar-Vik.  There is a site along this way we did not visit where you can hike 45 minutes r/t to the beach to see a plane that crashed and sits in ruins in the black sand.












The rain had started by the time we reached Fjadargljufur Canyon, an absolute must-stop on your travels.  Now may be a great time to mention clothing...we brought our waterproof layer (jacket and stretchy waist pants that pull over regular pants) and of course waterproof shoes (I had Sorel walking boots and my hiking boots), hats and gloves and a day pack with a rain cover.  Under our waterproof layer was a puffy jacket and then a few layers of under armour style athletic tops.  For pants, I wore either Kuhl hiking pants or Athleta casual athletic pants, both of which seemed to repel light rain.  I was never cold and most of the drizzle and mist we would go out in or got caught in wasn't enough to get us too wet.  Don't overpack as this is not a trip that requires cute clothes or shoes.  We were lucky to have free laundry on day 3 and again on day 9 so we only needed a weeks worth of socks and underwear.  We packed long underwear which we didn't use and I only used my collapsible trekking poles once.  (and as a side note, I blew my hair dry twice and never wore make-up, so don't bother to bring hair products or make-up either.)

We were able to hike along the east rim of the Canyon, looking down at this glowing turquoise river that meandered through these massive cliffs covered in green moss.  I've looked at others' pictures of this Canyon and the river always glows, so it is not technology that changes the look of pictures of this place.  There were these narrow outcrops that seemed to project out and hang over the Canyon, which were currently roped off, but you could see the worn paths where people had "walked the plank" out to these narrow overlooks dangling over the Canyon.  At the end, a man-made grill platform you could walk on was suspended over one of these outcrops to give the same sensation of being suspended over a massive drop with 2 tall waterfalls slamming down into rocks below.  Yes, your feel do tingle at this point.  The colors in the Canyon were absolutely spectacular and if it hadn't been raining, I am sure we would have explored more and there may have been other hiking trails down into the Canyon.  Definitely stop here.




Along the road as we edged towards the Vatnojokull Ice Cap we saw fields of purple lupine and there were miles and miles of rolling fields of black lava rocks covered in lime green squishy moss that resembled...well, broccoli.  A remnant of prior eruptions.  Get out and walk around.  This moss is very small and has flowers and all sorts of tiny succulents mixed in.  And then there were endless black fields of lava sand that resembled a giant delta, with braided rivers of glacial outflow running through it towards the ocean to our right.  And then to our left, the glaciers, massive valleys of thick ice, forging gouges in the black mountains surrounding and supporting the ice cap.  And over us, these turbulent skies and a cold mist that hung in the air over the mountains.  And waterfalls, hundreds of waterfalls.





Our stop for the next two nights was at the entrance to the Skaftafell Nature Reserve and we stayed at this funky, totally out of style, like from the 70's, family run, only game in town operation, Hotel Skaftafell.  We had a small room with dated, faded panel walls and two twin beds that we pulled together.  Luckily the mattresses, linens and small bathroom had been updated since the 70's, but I felt like I was in an episode of The Brady Bunch.  Somehow it was cozy, comfortable and we had a delicious dinner in the hotel's restaurant of creamy pumpkin soup, cured lamb-sushi and fresh Atlantic Char.  The next night we ate across the street at the family owned non-descript diner, behind an unmanned gas pump, something you'd never walk into in America.   I had a delicious fresh lamb burger covered in a rhubarb jam with caramelized onions and mushrooms and Chad had two giant tender lamb shanks with a cheesy potato gratin.  It was a gourmet meal in a dive Guy Fieri.

Veitingasala Restaurant...looks yummy right?

In the morning we headed to the Park and began a 4-5 mile hike to an overlook over the glacier tongue, where we sat perched on rocks suspended over the glacier, looking down at the black sand glacier lagoon and looming black cliffs on the other side.  The hiking loop took us also to an amazing waterfall surrounded by tall black basalt columns, Svartifoss, definitely a highlight of our trip.  You can visit either site separately and there were other longer and shorter hiking trails in the park.   Definitely stay a day there.   Additionally, along Hwy 1 between Skaftafell and Hofn, there are many places you can drive to the face of some of the many glacier tongues.  Pick up a local glacier map and follow the gravel roads to one of them which are very accessible from the Ring Road.  We went down a gravel road to Heinabergsjokull and could see 3 glacier tongues merging in one area.  You can also hike a glacier in crampons or take a snow mobile ride on the ice cap and in the right season, visit ice caves.  Advance reservations in season may be necessary.








It was still light outside and we could have backtracked about 20 miles to Fjadarfljufur to explore further, or drive 20 miles ahead to see some glacial lagoons, so that is what we did.  About 20 minutes east of Skaftafell was the smaller glacier lagoon, Fjalsarlon, and at the next glacier, the larger more famous lagoon, Jokulsarlon, with unmarked Diamond Beach directly across the street.  It was a windy, overcast day and the ocean was roaring, but the beach is a must stop destination as the icebergs float from Jokulsaron's lagoon, through a small inlet, out to the ocean and land on the black sand beach.  Absolutely one of the most beautiful sights I have ever seen.  At both lagoons (and you must visit both), you can take boat rides into the lagoon to get closer to the icebergs and to the face of the glacier.  We did not do this and in season a reservation may be necessary.  Kayaking may also be an option.










FYI, the next week the south coast was so windy with 40 mph winds that a lot of these sites were impossible to see because the tour buses cancelled all tours and people had to stay in place unable to drive in the strong winds, so go to these when you have the chance, even in the rain!  That is why we never complained about the rain and what we might be missing because we saw so much!  Sometimes, the mist and scary skies and turbulent seas just add to the mystique, but I also saw pictures of the icebergs sparkling in sunlight or glowing before a sunset or surrounded by fallen snow in winter, so it is all beautiful no matter what the backdrop.

That night after a 12 hour day and 4-5 hours of uphill hiking we dragged ourselves to bed.

If you only have a few days to visit Iceland, it is possible at this point to just turn around back towards Reykjavik and eliminate the next 5-6 days on our itinerary and you will feel totally satisfied with your Iceland journey.


Monday, June 5, 2017

Golden Circle, Thorsmork, Seljalandsfoss...



After a hearty buffet breakfast in Reykjavik, which also always includes packing sandwiches to eat later in the day, we headed east to start the "Golden Circle", about an hour away and a popular day trip from Reykjavik which you can take by tour bus to many of the sites if you don't have a car.  But first, before you leave any city, you check your gas and fill up because gas stations are few and far between.  This was not a problem for us because we always filled up at a half tank, but I have heard a few horror stories and you do not want to get stranded in the middle of nowhere in a storm.  Also make sure that your credit card (yes, credit card) has a PIN number.  This is very common in Europe and you will need a PIN if you fill up at an unmanned gas station.  (Call your cc company and they will mail you one you can personalize.)  Also, you may want to stop at a real grocery store in any city you see one because in small towns, the best you might get is a Wawa-type store at unreasonable prices.

It would be impossible to always describe the countryside we saw during this trip because it changed constantly and everything was the most amazing vistas I have ever seen and I could not possibly put into words what we saw...mostly like New Zealand, but also California, Colorado, Montana, Hawaii's volcano region, Ireland, Yellowstone and Switzerland all rolled up in one.  And different on both sides of the street.  And with the most amazing, explosion of colors going on in the sky.  Like you had left the planet at times...the moon with volcanos (fire) and glaciers (ice).  Birds and bird cliffs, ocean, rivers, waterfalls flowing down every mountain, lava, black sand beaches, mountains, volcanos, glaciers, icebergs, cliffs, turf houses, churches, sheep with baby lambs in calving season, horses, miles of lava rocks covered in moss and small succulents and everything except trees. very few trees.

First stop, Thingvellir National Park, the place where two tectonic plates meet, the North American and Eurasian, and where a giant rift valley has been created.  Parliament originally met here and you can see primitive development.  Snorkeling and diving in freezing crystal clear water in a dry suit between these two plates can be arranged.  You park, you hike for miles if you want through the valley, you see some rivers and small waterfalls and it is quite beautiful...


this is where you snorkel...

Have I mentioned the cute horses you see along the road?





and then you drive towards (the original geyser) Geysir and Strokker to patiently watch as a massive geyser bubble percolates and forms and explodes repeatedly before your eyes and you walk through a smoldering field of bubbling hot liquid and steam.  Pretty decent gift shop and restaurant here.

Strokker...erupts about every 5 minutes




Next stop, Gullfoss Waterfall, a massive and impressive 2 level waterfall with an approach that allows you to literally stand above and right next to the powerful flow while you get wet from exploding mist.  We were there on a cloudy day and missed the rainbow that often forms over the falls.




Near Gullfoss, Bruarfoss Waterfall (our favorite waterfall) is an unpublicized creamy blue over black lava rocks waterfall...a secret, off the beaten path waterfall to visit while you are in the area.  (We went on the back end of the trip when we revisited the area.)  The internet has a lot of sources to find this secret waterfall down a gravel road, past a neighborhood, through a broken fence, over a bridge and then through a very muddy brush forest...but we were the only ones there and it was magnificent.  There are rumors that access to this waterfall may be restricted in the future.  Also along the Golden Circle is the Herid Crater and the Secret Lagoon and the Haifoss Canyon hike which we did not visit because we ran out of time.



We did stop for late lunch at Friheimer Farm for a bottomless bowl of delicious tomato soup (made with mango chutney and cayenne), sour cream and marinated cucumber toppings, and assorted fresh homemade bread (like asiago or green olive or covered with caraway seeds or home grown sunflower seeds) with creamy Icelandic butter (which I believe is calorie free in Iceland!)  You eat in a giant glowing greenhouse with thousands of tomatoes growing on the vine, and bees, and sunflowers and fresh basil plants on the table that you cut and add to your soup and it was a great experience.  Only open from 12-4 daily and reservations are suggested...make them by email or call.  (We liked it so much we went back at the end of our trip and got the last unreserved table at 11:55.)  This place has been discovered so schedule it in and don't just show up.  It's worth the visit.


check out all the fresh baked bread



We stopped in the city of Selfoss for food for the next 2 days and drove towards the small town of Hella to the "Viking Cave", a secluded man cave built in the garage of a young couple on an open field with views towards the glacier and with horse farms surrounding it.  Fully equipped, we had a kitchenette, a laundry, a living area and enough beds to sleep a family.  This would be a good base for the region at a very reasonable price and a nice host family.  Seems like everyone who could has
converted a garage or basement or extra room to rental space to make extra money and to accommodate the massive influx of tourists now coming to Iceland.  That early evening we took a walk to visit the horses nearby who are super friendly.

The next day was remarkable.  We visited the waterfall Seljalandsfoss which you can walk behind (and get very wet) and a few other waterfalls adjacent to it.

behind a waterfall...yes, you get very wet back here...wear waterproof clothing
hidden waterfall in a cave you have to walk to between a narrow gorge 

and then to another world in the interior...Thorsmork...





what a super jeep looks like
where the massive flood occurred after the glacier over a volcano melted
We took a "super jeep", a suped-up, elevated vehicle with massive deflatable wheels, into the interior to Thorsmork...there is expense involved.  We did this trip privately, but there are group tours you can take.  For 5 hours we blasted our way through glacial run off and braided rivers, over rocky terrain, past glaciers and dried lava flow and the site of the glacial flooding produced by the eruption in 2010 of the volcano under a glacier, Eyjafjnallajokull.  There were many day-hiking trails of different lengths and difficulty and a forest at the end (Thor's forest).  People may have been biking in this area.  At one point, a (stupid) tourist driving a rented 4x4 low riding car made the mistake of driving his vehicle into Thorsmork where he got stuck up to his windows in a flowing river and our super jeep driver had to tow him out (and he will have to now pay for the car as insurance excludes this region).  Stunningly beautiful on a windblown turbulent day where it never rained but the sky threatened to burst all day.

There are multi-day hikes into the region where you sleep at reserved huts and there is also a "super-jeep bus" that runs daily to Thorsmork during the summer months, so it is accessible for day or multi-day hiking.  We were also told there is a winding, paved road (250 or 261) that runs some of the length into Thorsmork's valley on the opposite side of the river which offers distant overviews of the region if hiring a super jeep is not an option.  Seeing this region was very different than anything we saw along the Ring Road or Snaefellsness so it is worth the stop if you have the time.  If not, cut this day off your itinerary.  You can easily see Seljalandsfoss along the Ring Road as you head east towards your next stop.  We're going to leave the planet now as we go towards Vik.

Reykjavik and the Blue Lagoon

We arranged our schedule with some flexibility so we would visit Reykjavik at the beginning, with an option to revisit at the end of the trip (which we did on our last day before going to the airport for a 6:30 pm departure).  Same with the Golden Circle and the southern coast with their very popular tourist destinations...if the weather was bad at the front end, we had 2 days at the end of the trip in the region where we could revisit missed sites or see new things, too.  Most locations around the country we stayed 2 nights so we could arrive late or leave early to see everything we wanted in that region and it all worked out for us despite some challenging weather we had to work around.


We arrived at 4:30 am Iceland time (12:30 am body time) after missing a night's sleep and with a whole day ahead of us.  After customs and baggage claim, our first stop was the duty free store to buy some Icelandic vodka and Cointreau so we could have daily martinis.  Be sure to throw a flexible cutting board and knife in your checked baggage to cut limes for that daily martini and a corkscrew for any wine.  We were told to buy liquor at duty free because alcohol is sold from government run liquor stores and is expensive and drinking out was very expensive.  On that subject, food is very expensive!!!  We packed a folding cooler and some ice packs, cheese, dried apricots, beef jerky and granola bars and purchased bread, crackers and salami there to cover some meals on the road (and eggs, bacon and butter for a few non-B&B places we stayed that had kitchenettes.)  Dinners out cost twice what we'd pay in the US.  For instance, 2 tacos, a pepsi and some chips at Taco Bell was about $18.  The famous pylsur hot dog (mostly lamb) with the works is about $5-6.  Tipping is not necessary though.

Leaving the airport is surreal, with lime green moss covered lava rocks everywhere and steam rising out of the ground and we headed for the Blue Lagoon, 15 minutes away.  I had reserved (!!!) an 8 am arrival time and upon check in you are given little wrist bands with a chip which gives access to a locker and to monitor purchases at the bar or spa.  Full (naked) showers are required first and you can shower and change in the spa after your soak.  This place is a very pretty, massive white-turquoise-silica water, multi-pool hot lagoon, surrounded by massive black lava rocks and steam and we soaked for hours.  Yeah it's a bit touristy and pricey, but you have to do it once and we loved it.  Towels (bring a microfiber one), robes, flip flops and hair ties are not included with the basic admission ticket, but a free silica facial mask is included and you can stay as long as you want, have lunch or a massage, hang under a water fall and pass time until you can finally reach your 2:00 pm check in time in Reykjavik about 1/2 hour away.


Reykjavik (smokey bay) is a quirky little harbor city with brightly painted, mostly corrugated metal buildings, colorful murals, and fun little pubs, restaurants and shops selling hats, gloves and sweaters
made from Icelandic wool.  330,000 residents live in Iceland, with the vast majority living near Reykjavik.  We stayed at the Canopy by Hilton an updated hotel with breakfast, right in the heart of the old town near famous Laugavegur shopping street, and we could walk everywhere.  After a 3 hour nap, we wandered the streets visiting the gorgeous rocky harbor, with views to the ice covered mountains in the distance and the city's landmark Sun Voyager metal structure.  The Harpa Concert Hall at the harbor is a marvel to wander around and through, with its multi-colored reflecting and glittering concave and convex glass crystals representing glaciers and volcanos.  There is a tour we did not take, but the building is open to the public until midnight.  I can't imagine how gorgeous it would look with the colors of sunset shining through the glass.  We also visited the landmark Hallgrimskirkja church which symbolizes the basalt columns seen at waterfalls and beaches around the country.  You can ride the elevator up to the top and see a gorgeous view of the entire city with its multi-colored buildings.






the harbor with tiny cairns

murals on the buildings
the Lopapeysa, made from the wool of Icelandic sheep
We ate at a casual restaurant called Fish and had fresh fish and a fish stew.  Apparently the restaurant and eating scene in Reykjavik is very big, but I didn't make any reservations (correctly) thinking we would not make it to a big expensive meal on our first day.

This time of year it never gets dark.  The sunset was around 11:00 pm, with sunrise around 3:00 am, but we never saw a dark sky, so bring eye shades to help you sleep as it never gets dark in any hotel room.  Of course, this means you can sightsee and travel all night long.  It also means that seeing the aurora borealis is not an option this time of year.

Iceland fun facts...with little migration, Iceland maintains an online registry of all its citizens going back centuries (and there's apparently also an app) showing your family ancestry so you don't accidentally hook up with a cousin.  True that.  And generally, a women takes the last name of her father, not her husband, and her children take the last name of her husband (their father), so everyone in a family has a different last name.  A woman's last name ends with dottir and the man's last name ends with son in most cases.  Apparently last names don't matter and everyone goes by their first name in the phone book anyway, including the heads of state.  This was interesting to note in family plots in cemeteries where everyone in an immediate family had a different last name.


WOW, Why Iceland and how we planned...

WOW!  I start my post that way because that is how we ended up deciding our summer, 2017 trip would be Iceland.  Chad heard about WOW Airlines promoting inexpensive trips to Europe, with free layovers in Iceland, and discount fares sometimes as low as (gasp now) $200 direct round trip flights from Boston or New York.  Service had just started with 7.5 hour direct service from Miami to Reykjavik, and with upgraded bulkhead seats with extra leg room, carry-on and checked bags included, and some additional perks, we just booked two $640 round trip tickets.  Just fyi, WOW started flying in 2012, their planes are only a few years old, they serve 33 destinations in Europe and anticipate transporting over 3 million in 2017, so they are a no frills airline, but not a fly by night operation.  Everything was classy, including the model-like stewardesses with "Pan Am in the 60's" style hats, suits and stylish buns.  However, with regular seats, bring your own water and snacks and plan to pay for a carry-on because that is not happening for free on WOW.


                                      

We also reserved our rental car on line (and our credit card was immediately debited even though we had a right to cancel within a time period).  We opted for an automatic 4-wheel drive, even though a drive around the Ring Road in the summer doesn't require one.  There are a lot of rental agencies and a lot of car choices, with varying prices, so shop around.  We paid about $1000 for 13 days and drove 1800 miles, so we got our money's worth.  The interior F-roads are excluded from insurance coverage with rental cars due to water flow and rough terrain, but those roads weren't even open before mid-June, and we could handle the occasional unpaved gravel roads we encountered with some slow driving.  We did not get sand and ash coverage, but I can't say if that was a big risk and the regular insurance had like a $3,000 deductible.  Just take really good pictures of the car bumper to bumper before you leave so you have a record...this saved us from paying for a dented bumper not noted on the contract as an existing issue.  We rented from Reykjavik Rent a Car who I do not recommend.  The wait was excessive with only one agent working to check many people in and out and the first car they gave us had over 161,000 kilometers, nearly 99,000 miles, and was 4 years old.  We were so upset and worried about safety issues, we returned to the agency and demanded a newer car which they gave us.  I am always surprised to hear how many people forget to bring their drivers license when they travel overseas (because they have their passport for identification) and then can't rent a car.  Don't make this mistake.  No International Drivers License was required.

Here's our car along the 2 lane Ring Road...

Iceland is about the size of Colorado, so doing the Ring Road is something that can easily be done in 10-14 days...

Renting a cute camper was also an option and a lot of people were traveling around Iceland in these cute campers.  The cost to rent a camper was a little more, but you save on lodging of course.  We met someone who paid $1400 for 9 days and spent around $10-15 a night at legitimate campgrounds which seemed to be everywhere, with showers and bathrooms and tables.  Often these campgrounds were literally at the base of a waterfall...

I also reserved portable WIFI with Trawire for $143 for 13 days, which we picked up at a nearby N-1 gas station and returned by pre-paid mail just before we left Iceland.  We used this in Japan constantly to get around and translate and it was a lifesaver.  In Iceland, we set it up and then never used it again.  We had WIFI in every hotel, most restaurants, in gas stations, outside in some towns and we were able to use Google Maps offline to get around. Everyone spoke English. It would have helped in an emergency or if you are camping.  Some rental car companies provide provide portable WIFI as an option, too.

After reading 1,000 articles and blogs on line about Ring Road trips of varying lengths, we decided what we wanted to see and how many days to spend in each region and booked lodging through Booking.com which offers reviews and cancellation options.  It allows you to book and then manipulate your schedule if you do it before the varying free-cancellation dates offered by each lodging.  You can see pictures and communicate directly with each lodging, so I have found it a very practical website to organize your trip and they have a helpful app.

I also booked a reservation at the Blue Lagoon which is required to guarantee admission, but I will talk about that in the next post.  If you are traveling in season and want to do things like glacier hikes, super jeep tours, atv trips, whale watching, ice cave touring, etc. then those things may have to be booked in advance too.

Wait a minute, I forgot the most important thing!

The weather is very unpredictable in Iceland.  They say if you don't like the weather, then wait 5 minutes and it will change and this was true!  It was cold, it was moist and misty, it was wet, it was very windy, it was muddy, you name it we got it, except luckily we didn't get the blizzard that hit the entire island the week before we went which stopped everyone in their tracks for days.  This affected everything...what we could see, whether we would make it to our next lodging, whether we had the right clothing.

So the one thing you need to plan on more than anything is to be flexible and patient. It is what it is.




Sunday, May 7, 2017

ICELANDIC 101...a beginner course

I've been practicing my Icelandic 😎 in an attempt to pronounce some of the destinations we'll visit in Iceland (Eess-land) so no one will know I'm a foreigner.  Seriously, if I used the English sounds we associate with certain letters, it would be a total embarrassment, perhaps even insulting to Icelanders. 🤔 I learned this lesson when I couldn't pronounce Maori back in New Zealand. 

As you all know, Icelandic is a Germanic language, derived from Old Norse, with 32 letters in its alphabet.  There are 7 vowels, including y and the funky æ (aye).  With accents added to 5 of the vowels plus the ö (umlaut over the o), there are 12 different vowel sounds to confuse us.  The letters c, q, w and z are nonexistent, but the Icelandic alphabet has 2 additional consonants not known in modern English, Þ and ð (thorn and eth), plus some odd letter combinations that sound nothing like their English counterparts, such as ll.  

Try to pronounce these fun Icelandic tongue 👅 twisters...

Þingvellir  Snæfellsnes  Eyjafjallajökull  Kerið    Yikes!!!

I'll try to help...
Þingvellir....is the name of a major national park along the Golden Circle where the North American and Eurasian tectonic plates meet and where the original Icelandic Parliament convened.  It's an important place visited by most tourists.  The letter Þ is called thorn and sounds like th...it's not a P even though it looks like one!  ll is pronounced tl.  The word is pronounced Thing-vetlir.  Not Pingveller.

Snæfellsnes Peninsula...is north of Reykjavik (Rake-ya-veek...the j sounds like y).  The æ sounds like a long i, just like its name aye.  With the ll combination, it is pronounced Snigh-fetl-ness.

Eyjafjallajökull Volcano...is that pesky volcano that blew up and halted European air traffic for a few days back in 2010.  If you simply remember that j sounds like y and ll sounds like tl, you've got this! 👊🏻  Aye-yaye-yaye-yaye-yaye is not correct! 😳  It is pronounced Aye-ya-fyatla-yuhktl.  And translated, that means island/mountain/glacier, which makes perfect sense because it is a volcano that erupted under a glacier on an island .  Now that you know that, you won't be able to mispronounce the word for glacier, jökull or yuhktl.  Now try Snæfellsjökull.  It's very confusing, right?

Kerið Crater...has the ð, called eth.  I couldn't tell if it was an o or a d.  What do you think?  It sounds like th.  So the word is not pronounced Kerid or Kerio.  

The above information will be on the final exam at the end of the trip!